Writing

Creative Ways to Develop Your Novel Character

One of the hardest things about writing fiction is creating characters that are believable. Too many writers create characters that are just like themselves. While this seems like a way of “writing what you know,” too often it ends up creating a “Mary Sue” character. Mary Sue’s come across as poorly developed, shallow reflections of the author, not fully developed characters in their own right.

So how to create a character that is believable if the character is nothing like you and shares nothing of your experience? How do you create, for example, an accountant with five kids if you flunked basic math and hate kids? If you want to create good writing, the keys are research, observation, and personal experience. There are several ways to go about gathering the information needed to create a well-rounded, believable character. Here are some ideas.

Library, archive, and online research

If you’re trying to learn about an unfamiliar occupation, historical period (including mannerisms, clothing, occupations, etc.), medical condition, or location, simple research is the best place to start. And don’t just settle for a quick Google search. Spend some time looking at relevant documents/exhibits and immersing yourself in the information. Your character would be living this life, so don’t treat it lightly.

Shadow someone else

If you’re trying to craft an unfamiliar life, try to find someone who lives that life and shadow them. Writing about an investment banker? See if you can find one who will let you follow them for a day. Writing about a single mother who goes to night school? See if someone you know fits that description and will let you ride along for a day or two.

Work their job

See if you can do the actual work that your characters will be doing. Some jobs may be closed to you, but you may have some success getting close enough if you offer to volunteer. If your character is a rancher, ask if you can volunteer on a dude ranch for a few days. Or see if you can volunteer in a classroom to get closer to being a teacher. Volunteering in a hospital may get you close enough to the medical profession that you can create a believable doctor, even if you can’t be one yourself.

Interviews

Let’s say you need to understand how a serial killer works. Chances are, you’re not going to go to interview one. (You might, but probably not. And you’d better not become one.) What can you do? Interview people who work with/around serial killers. See if you can speak to a psychiatrist, cop, or coroner to get an idea of the motivations, methods, etc. of a serial killer. It’s always best if you can interview someone directly about their job or life but if you can’t, think of a way around that limitation. Speak to people who work with or around the subject you need to know about.

Visit their location

If your characters are living in an unfamiliar location, try to visit that location. You’ll get a better sense of the place, people, and opportunities/lifestyles if you go there rather than just relying on travel guides. Location visits are also useful for battlefields and historical settings, as well.

People watch

Watching people is one of the best ways to learn about them. Figure out where your character would go (for work, leisure, living, etc.) and go there yourself. Spend some time watching how to the people act, interact, and speak. What do they do? Where do they go? What do they talk about? What are they wearing?

Create a character profile

Spend some time filling in all the details you can about this person, even if those details won’t make it into the book. Appearance, age, medical history, traits, quirks, politics, religion, background, genealogy, education, relationships, life experiences, career, childhood experiences, residences, travels, and more are all things you should know. The more you know about your character, the more lifelike she will seem and the better able you’ll be to determine how she’d deal with the situations in your story. If you really want your character to come to life, consider giving him or her 10 traits that you never plan to reveal directly to the reader. These will come through in your writing even though you don’t directly share the details with the reader giving the character more richness.

Figure out what they want

Characters, just like real people, are driven by a variety of needs and forces. You’ll have to figure out what they want to gain from the story as a whole (win the war, secure the romantic relationship, kill the bad guy, etc.) as well as what they hope to achieve at each decision and action point within the larger story. Even something as mundane as, “Why is the character speaking to the landlord?” has a motivation behind it (or it should). Is she hoping to get a lower rent, or is she seeking information on property management? Does the landlord have a clue that your character needs to solve a mystery? Is she looking for a date? The motivations matter and can greatly change how a character acts in any given scene. Know their motivations and write accordingly.

Pay attention to speech

Your characters need to speak like real people, only without all the “um’s” and “likes” that go on in real conversation. That means that they might speak in a dialect, or with an accent. They might have a peculiar speech pattern due to mental illness or a tic. They may speak like a well-educated person or a poorly educated one. There will be gender differences, as well. Good dialogue that matches the characters is hard to pull off (go easy on the slang and dialect to avoid annoying the reader, but make it apparent that it’s there) but it’s essential. Otherwise, all your characters sound the same and that’s boring (not to mention difficult on the reader). Observe people who speak like your characters and try to capture that on the page.

Don’t deviate from their nature

If you’ve spent the entire book creating a needy, shy, retiring character, you cannot suddenly have that character fearlessly charge into battle and start slaying bad guys. You have to be true to the character. Doing otherwise feels forced and will turn readers off. If your character is going to change, it will not happen suddenly. You will have to spend time crafting that change so that when it finally happens, it feels believable.

Creating a believable character isn’t easy. You can’t skimp on the details and hope that people just buy into your character. You have to give readers reasons to care and believe and that can only come through careful thought, research, and observation. Just slapping a person on the page and hoping for the best will have your readers reaching for the next story. Don’t cop out and write a fictional version of yourself. Readers can tell when you’ve done this. Give your characters their own unique personalities, failings, and successes and readers will be more willing to read the story you’re telling.

(Photo courtesy of Frank Kelly)

Create Your Optimal Writing Place: 1000 Words a Day

I’m lucky in that I can write just about anywhere. I travel a lot which means I spend a lot of time in different places with different surroundings, and in most cases, I can make it work if I need to get something written. Even though I can write in most conditions, I have learned over the years that I write much more effectively when I have a specific surrounding that’s most conducive for my writing productivity. That’s what I try to create as my writing space at home. Having a quality writing space can help immensely when you’re trying to write 1000 words a day.

If you have read anything on productivity, and especially writing productivity, one of the suggestions often given is to find a quiet place in the time you set aside to write. This is essentially a good point, but what “quiet” means will depend a lot on your own personal preferences. What you really want to do is find a space which allows you to write at an optimal level, and the chances are you are going to need to experiment a good amount to find what this exactly means for you.

It would be great to make a list of the perfect writing space, but the truth is what works for one writer may not work for the next. For example, I write much better while have the background noise of music playing, but I have writer friends who can’t imagine having that distraction while trying to write. In the end, you will have to create your space for you, and that space will likely be different from other writers you know. That being said, I can list some of the choices I made when creating my space which you can use to consider what would be the best writing space for your needs. These are a few of the things I determined I needed for my space:

A restricted area where people can’t regularly interrupt
No TV (I learned early that if there was a TV in the room, it would eventually get turned on and my writing would end)
Non-commercial music (I write better with background noise, but only with music. I can’t listen to radio where DJs speak as that ruins my writing rhythm)
No phones (and cell phones turned off)
A good chair (this is something I didn’t realize how important it was until I purchased a good chair)
A notepad with paper (I like to jot down notes about other possible articles when I write)
A timer (I set my writing for 20 minutes and then take a break)
A drink, but no food (A large glass of iced tea is essential, but any food is a distrction

Those above are some of the things I have found make me more productive when I write. They may or may not be important for your writing productivity. There also may very well be other things that are important for you as a writer which I didn’t even mention. The important step to take is to begin to think about what is important for you to be in a space which is the most conducive for you to write at your optimal level, and begin creating it. (550 words)

(Photo courtesy of Jeremy Segrott)

Make Writing a Priority: 1000 Words a Day

If you want to improve your writing productivity, you need to make writing a priority. While this may seem obvious, it actually took me a long time to learn, and I know other writers who struggle to do this as well. Wanting to write more and actually taking the steps to write more are two completely different things. It took a long time for this to click for me, and I’m sure there are others out there who struggle with it without even realizing they haven’t noticed the difference. If you find you have all the best intentions to write 1000 words a day, but you aren’t able to reach that goal more days than you’re able to, there’s a good chance you aren’t making your writing a priority.

Making your writing a priority will mean you’re going to have to make some changes to your schedule. It may mean you will have to delay, or even give up, some of the things you enjoy doing. You’re going to have to make a concerted effort to put aside time to make sure you have the opportunity to reach your daily take a walk and begin writing. This is one example of a change I needed to make to my daily routine to truly make writing a priority. Some others included watching less Netflix, not wasting time on the computer, and limiting the time I spent on several of my favorite hobbies.

Here’s a challenge. Take a look at the things you are actually doing each day. The things you’re actually doing are what you are prioritizing over the things you aren’t able to find the time do. If the things you’re actually doing aren’t consistent with what you say you want to be doing, then either one of two things is going on:

1. What you say you want to do isn’t really a priority

2. You need to change your life so that you’re actually doing what is a priority.

For most people, you’re going to have to make changes so writing becomes a priority (if it was already a priority, you’d already have no problem reaching your daily word count goal). This is especially true if your goal is to write more on a daily basis. It’s often not easy to find the extra time to write as much as you want, but if writing 1000 words a day (or whatever your daily writing goal may be) is something you truly want to do, you’ll find a way to make that time.

On a side note, this really applies to all areas of your life, not just writing. It’s good to do a monthly audit of how you spend your time to make sure you’re spending it doing the activities that are most important to you. If you find you aren’t spending time in a way that aligns with your goals, you need to figure out a way to change up your routine so those things most important to you become a priority. (659 words)

(Photo courtesy of R/DV/RS)

Set Aside Time to Write in the Morning: 1000 Words a Day

Anyone who wants to be successful at writing 1000 words a day for an extended period of time will have to put aside time each time to reach that goal. The question becomes, when is the best time to set aside writing time each day? While many will say to set the time aside when you enjoy writing most, I’ve come to the conclusion that’s not necessarily the best approach when you are trying to increase your writing productivity.

As I mentioned earlier, I take a walk each morning which is an important aspect enabling me to be a productive writer. Upon my return each morning, I sit down to do a minimum of an hour, and as much as 3 hours of writing. The actual amount of time I have each day to write depends on what other things I have to do, but I make sure I have that minimum of an hour to write each morning. Since I have already outlined what I want to write in my head during the morning walk, I usually can hit my 1000 words during that hour.

I think it’s important to set aside time in the morning to write even if you don’t happen to be a morning writer. I feel I can make this claim because I’m definitely not naturally a morning writer. I used to do all my writing late at night, and I still do a good amount of my writing during the evening hours. What I’ve discovered over time, however, is if I only set aside time in the evening to write, I fail to reach my writing goal much more often than if I set aside time in the morning.

There is a simple reason it’s important to put aside time in the morning if you want to be successful writing a certain number of words on an ongoing basis. Life happens. There will always be unexpected events which will make it impossible for you to write during your designated time no matter how faithfully you plan. This is especially true when you first begin a project like this and haven’t yet established it as a routine. It takes time to carve out a specific period of time each day that’s devoted solely to writing, and one should expect hiccups while in the process of establishing this time (and even afterward, although not as often).

When something happens and I’m not able to write during my planned time in the morning, I immediately realize I missed the time I was supposed to writing. I instantly begin to figure out when I can make up that time and squeeze in writing so I can still reach my 1000 word goal. I have the rest of the day to make up for the unforeseen event and still reach my goal.

When I was writing in the evenings, if something unexpected happened, it was much more difficult to make up for life impeding on my writing. There just isn’t enough extra time in the day to reschedule for missed time when it’s already in the evening, and the day is almost over. Due to the time factor, scheduling your daily writing period in the morning will give you a much better chance to reach your word count goal when you take up a challenge.

Another huge factor that came into play for me is energy level. The amount of energy I have at the end of the day depends on a lot of factors which happen during the day that aren’t always in my control. The result was that even when I had the time set aside, I was more likely to be tired. Many times I didn’t have the energy to concentrate on my writing the way I should so even when I was writing, the quality wasn’t necessarily the best.

If you’re not a person who usually writes in the morning, this change will be difficult. I know because of how difficult it was for me to adjust. Even today, I don’t feel as comfortable writing in the morning as I do at night, but I’ve gotten a lot better at it over time. More importantly, I have seen how much more productive I have become by beginning my writing early in the day rather than toward the end.

For anyone who has the goal of writing 1000 (or more) words a day, it’s worthwhile taking the time to figure out how to set aside time in the morning. That doesn’t mean you can’t write in the evenings as well. I still do on a regular basis, and as I’ve stated above, I actually enjoy writing in the evening more than I do in the morning. Creating morning writing time will greatly increase your chances of hitting your word count goal each day.

(Photo courtesy of Michael Coghlan)

Find Your Quiet Activity: 1000 Words a Day

One of the most important activities I do to increase my writing productivity which doesn’t initially appear to have anything to do with writing is to take a morning walk. Before I turn on the computer, sit down to write, or do any other writing activity, I go outside to walk. While it may not first appear a walk would be something to increase my writing productivity, that’s exactly what it does. In fact, I can confidently say my morning walk is the most important step I take each day when it comes to being a productive writer.

There are a number of reasons my morning walk helps improve my writing productivity. Here are a few of them:

Arrange My Thoughts

This is the biggie. My morning walk allows me to go over the topic I’m writing about so I can arrange my thoughts and what I want to write. Instead of sitting in front of the computer trying to figure out what I want to write, I’ve already done this. In a way, it’s like creating a mental first-draft of what I need to get down on paper. By sorting through all these thoughts, it allows me to begin writing as soon as I sit down in front of the computer.

More Productivity

Since I already have created the mental first draft, I already know exactly what I want to write when I sit at the computer. There is no staring at the computer screen wondering what I should write next. When I am writing, there’s a lot less stopping, rewriting and changing my mind. The walk allows me to have already mentally sorted through the common stopping points so all I have to do is get the words into the computer.

Brainstorm

Taking a morning walk doesn’t only allow me time to think about my current writing, but also plan articles I can write in the future. Walking allows me to brainstorm about a variety of other topics. The result is I rarely sit in front of my computer wondering what topic I should write about next because I have a long list of topics I’ve already brainstormed on my walks.

Writer’s Block

Walking prevents me from having writer’s block. In fact, I began walking when I was having writer’s block a few years ago. It worked so well at helping me overcome it, I started to make it a part of my daily routine. That’s how I discovered it made me so much more productive. If I ever reach a point where I’m having trouble putting something down on paper, 99% of the time a short walk will help me overcome the obstacle.

Gives Me Energy

Exercise is a great way to increase energy. One of the greatest benefits from my morning walk is I feel a lot more energized. Due to this, I am able to write a lot more (and for a longer period of time) than I do when I try to write after I first wake up. My body is more alert and I feel ready to tackle the writing in front of me.

While taking a walk is what helps me write more productively, that may not be the optimal quiet activity for you to do before you sit down in front of your computer. I have a writer friend who likes to sit quietly meditating under a large oak tree in her backyard. I have another writer friend who gets her quiet time in her garden. You know yourself better than anyone, so you need to understand what works best for you so you can find the quiet time that’s most appropriate for you. It should be something that even while you’re doing it, you have the opportunity to think and consider your writing at the same time. If it allows you to do that, anything is game. (653 words)

(Photo courtesy of Patrik Nygren)

October Writing Challenge: 1000 Words a Day

For all those who are planning to participate in the National Novel Writing Month challenge in November, you may want to try a warm-up word count challenge with me in October. For anyone who isn’t, but who wants to increase the amount of writing they’re producing, there’s no better time to begin than at this moment. Over the next month, I will document my 1000 words a day challenge. 1000 words a day is a great goal for any writer who wants to begin getting into the habit of writing on a daily basis. As part of the challenge, I will explain some of the methods I’ve developed over the years, and I hope others who are also doing this challenge (or who have done a similar challenge in the past), will contribute their insights and tips to the conservation as well.

As I explained in a previous article, there are a number of steps anyone who decides to take up a challenge like this should consider and answer to better define the challenge. Doing so will make it more likely the challenge is completed. Here are my answers to each step:

Step one: How many words will I write each day? 1000.

Step two: What’s the minimum number of words I must write each day? 100.

Step three: How long will the challenge be? One month (during October).

Step four: Will there be any off days? No.

Step five: How will I let others know about the challenge to keep myself honest? I will be doing this by recording it on this blog throughout the month.

Step six: How will I keep track and record my daily word count throughout the challenge? I will do it here on this blog.

If I’m successful with the challenge, I will have written a minimum of 31,000 words by the end of the month. Going by past experience, even if I don’t reach the goal, I should write more than I would have without the challenge as long as I continue it for the entire 31 days. That’s a vitally important point for all these challenges. While you should do your best to achieve the goal, the true benefit from these type of challenges is to get you writing on a daily basis, and to write more than you would have if you hadn’t undertaken the challenge in the first place.

So I put forth this challenge to all those reading this now. Commit to begin a 1000 word a day challenge for a month and see what you can produce. If you have any questions along the way, feel free to ask them in the comments of any challenge article. While I’m doing this to keep me accountable for the number of words I write this month, I also want to try and help any writer who is having problems writing consistently over a period of time.

Below are a list of articles I’ve put together as part fo this challenge on tips and hints you may be able to incorporate into your own writing habits to increase your productivity:

(Photo courtesy of Dennis Skley)

Find Your Own Writing Routine

I once had a writer friend whose entire writing routine was comprised of “rules” he’d learned from successful authors. He got up early to write because that’s what the successful authors did. He outlined on index cards because he’d read somewhere that certain successful authors did it that way. He used a certain kind of pen because some author declared it to be lucky. The list went on and on.

The thing was, very few of these routines worked for my friend. He was not an early riser by nature and hated getting up so early. He didn’t like to outline, felt it was stifling, but did it anyway. These things weren’t fun or useful for him, but he kept doing them because he believed that the only way to attain success was to follow what others had already done. He was trying to imitate the success of others rather than finding his own path.

If you look through history, though, (and not just that of writers and writing) you’ll find that the most successful people are usually the ones who did things their own way. Walt Disney, George Lucas, J.K. Rowling, and Steve Jobs are just a few examples of people who said, “Screw it,” to the conventional wisdom and went out and did things their own way. They didn’t follow the rules and rituals of others before them. They did what worked for them.

Doing what works for you is the only way to succeed. You have to work with your strengths, talents, and motivations. Someone else’s motivations and rituals are not yours. Sure, you may be able to derive some value from studying the “greats,” but ultimately you have to find your own path. Anything else just smacks of desperation and a lack of creativity on your part. Worse, readers, agents, and publishers will smell the desperation all over your work because it won’t be unique.

This applies not only to your writing life but also to what you choose to write. Don’t spend time chasing the hottest trends in plots and writing styles. By the time your work is ready for submission, that fad will have rolled on. Write the story you have to tell, even if it’s not hot. Who knows? You might start the next big trend. Don’t be derivative, be yourself.

Sure, there are some rules you have to follow. You have to stick with basic grammar and structure (there are exceptions, but you have to be really exceptional to pull it off). You have to follow basic submission guidelines and rules if you want to be taken seriously. You have to act professional and meet your deadlines. But anything else is up to you to decide.

If you try to do what others have done, you just end up hemming yourself in with a set of rules and regulations that you don’t even need. When your schedule reads, “Get up early, outline on index cards, use a certain pen, and write exactly 1,000 words per day,” there’s no room for “you” to shine through. What happens if the work is going great and you want to write 2,000 words? What happens if you skip the outline? What if you never discover that you’re better off writing between 9 p.m. and midnight? There are enough rules in writing that you must follow. You don’t need to create an even smaller cage by following the rituals of others.

Find your own rituals. Embrace your personal quirks. Learn to love your best rhythm, even if it means writing all day long without a break. (Not advisable, but if it works…) Don’t believe people who tell you something can’t be done just because it’s never been done before. (Someone always has to be first.) Do what makes you the most comfortable. When you are comfortable, you’ll do your best work and it will be uniquely yours. When you’re imitating someone else, you’re doing just that: imitating. And that’s not the way to be successful.

(Photo courtesy of woodleywonderworks)

Don’t Lie About Your Writing

It’s funny that a profession that often prides itself on telling the truth offers so many opportunities to lie. Journalists often claim to pursue the truth at all costs. Fiction writers spout off about finding “the truth” in their stories. Almost every kind of writer espouses some sort of devotion to the truth. Yet every year, more and more writers are caught lying. Whether it’s passing off someone else’s work as your own (plagiarism) or faking reviews on Amazon, there’s a lot of lying going on.

It would seem like common sense that you shouldn’t lie. Yet in the crowded, competitive, demanding world of writing, too many people take shortcuts in their efforts to get ahead of the pack. But lying in your writing can destroy a career, even if you don’t rely on writing to make a living. When I was in graduate school, I knew someone who faked his entire dissertation. All of the interviews, transcripts, and statistics were fake. He couldn’t find the data and people to support the “ground breaking” conclusion he was trying to draw so he made it all up. He got caught and tossed out of school. His future career in that field and all of the teaching and researching he hoped to do were gone because he lied.

Granted, that’s a pretty spectacular case of career suicide, but there are many others. Remember James Frey who made up a memoir and got taken down by Oprah? Or Jonah Leher who faked quotes attributed to Bob Dylan (among quite a few other infractions). Or Jayson Blair who fabricated almost every aspect of his stories for The New York Times? While some of these notorious liars have gone on to resurrect their careers, don’t think for one minute that it would be as easy for the average Joe to return to successful work after such a debacle.

So, since it doesn’t seem to be obvious to some, what constitutes lying? Take a look. (And don’t say that these are genius marketing techniques, or ways to set yourself apart from the crowd. They’re lies, pure and simple.)

Faking statistics and data

It’s not okay to say that 30% of people agree with your position if there is no hard data to support that conclusion. You don’t get to make things up based on “gut feelings” or because you really want to write a spectacular article. Neither do you get to interview four of your friends and when three of them agree with your premise, report that as a 75% majority.

Faking quotes

If someone didn’t say it, you don’t get to put it in their mouth anyway. You also can’t take quotes out of context. Just because your point is better made if you leave out the last half of the quote doesn’t mean you get to use it that way. You have to report quotes accurately and keep them within the context in which they were uttered.

Calling fiction non-fiction

If you made it up, it’s fiction. If it’s “based on” your life but not a factual recounting of your life, it’s fiction and not a memoir. If you write about an event that never happened or things that were never said, it’s fiction. Never pass something you made up as something that really happened.

Passing off old work as new

Yes, reporters and magazine writers repurpose old work all the time. They take that parenting article about camping with the kids and re-slant it so that it works for an outdoors magazine. It means that you can reuse research and save some time when writing the article. As long the work and wording is new, this is okay. What isn’t okay is repeating the earlier work word for word. Editors pay for new content. Finding out that the piece they just published has already appeared in another publication, verbatim, isn’t going to make them happy. Especially if you sold it as original work.

Plagiarism

This is stealing other people’s work and passing it off as your own. This is never okay and it’s a lesson that should have been learned in elementary school. If you use someone else’s work, you have to give proper credit to the original author.

Writing fake reviews of your work

This has become a rampant problem on sites like Amazon. Authors create fake accounts to give glowing accounts of their own work. It’s an effort to push their book to the top, to make it stand out amidst all the other books. It’s harder than you think, though, to craft believable “voices” for your reviews. They will all end up sounding the same. Worse, if your book is receiving scads of terrible reviews and then you’ve got these fifty five star reviews, someone’s going to figure out that you’re shilling your own work. Also, don’t pay for positive reviews. It’s fine to request reviews, but no ethical reviewer will take money in exchange for their opinion.

Altering reality

We often wish that things had happened more dramatically than they did. Sometimes writers “embellish” a story to make it seem more dramatic or world-altering than it was. Really they’re just stretching the facts and that’s not okay. If it was boring when it happened, then you either need to report it that way or find something more exciting to cover. You’re writing a non-fiction piece, not a screenplay. Adding in explosions, deaths and drama is lying.

Pretending to be somewhere you aren’t

You cannot pretend to be filing stories from Iraq if you’re in Cleveland. If you want to report “from” a region, you’d better be there.

Doctoring photographs

Okay, a little Photoshopping isn’t a bad thing. Touching up colors, etc. is acceptable. What’s not acceptable is putting people into photos who weren’t there, or capturing “action” that never happened so you can report on some unbelievable event.

It’s not worth the risk to lie. In this day and age it’s incredibly easy to get caught. Everything can be cross-checked on the Internet or with a quick phone call or Twitter post. No matter what you think you’re accomplishing by lying, or how good you feel that you’re pulling one over on people, sooner or later it will come to an end and you will end up with no credibility and no career. So just don’t do it.

(Photo coourtesy of einalem)

How Many Pages Is 2000 Words?

This is a question we get from time to time. There are instances when you’re given an assignment, not by word count, but assigned by the number of pages. For example, “Write a paper four pages long.” If you get an assignment to write four pages, one of the first questions that will likely come to mind is, “How many words are in four pages?” If you need to figure out words per page, you can use a words per page calculator.

The truth is there is no definitive answer to this question. The number of words it will take to fill a page will depend on a number of factors including the type of font used, the font size, spacing elements, the margins used on the paper, the paragraph length, etc. For example, if the assignment says the writing should be in 10-point font, it’s going to take a greater number of words to fill a page than if the assignment requires a 12-point font.

For those who need a general rule of thumb, a typical page which has 1-inch margins and is typed in 12 point font with standard spacing elements will be approximately 500 words when typed single spaced. For assignments that require double spacing, it would take approximately 250 words to fill the page. For an assignment that requires you to write four pages, you can make the estimation that you’ll need to write approximately 2000 words for a single spaced paper, or 1000 words if the assignment is double spaced. Again, the type of font used can make the word count higher or lower, but it’s a good rule of thumb for those who are simply looking for a general estimation.

Since there can be a large variation on the number of words needed to fill a page, most papers are no longer assigned by page count. They are instead assigned by word count. That is, an assignment, essay or paper will likely be assigned as 1500 – 2000 words rather than 3 – 4 pages. This way it is much more difficult for the writer to “game the system” by using large fonts and excessive spacing to meet the writing criteria.

If you are given a writing assignment with a page number, the best thing to do is go directly to the person who made the assignment and ask for a word count. This will take away all the variations and help ensure your writing assignment meets expectations. If it’s for something informal and you simply need a general guideline, you can find it below.

How many pages is…

The below list is an approximation, and actual pages will differ depending on a number of factors mentioned earlier in this article. Use the below information for a general reference, but don’t assume it will be the case at all times. Here are basic word to pages conversions:

500 words is 1 page single spaced, 2 pages double spaced.
1,000 words is 2 pages single spaced 4 pages double spaced.
1,500 words is 3 pages single spaced, 6 pages double spaced.
2,000 words is 4 pages single spaced, 8 pages double spaced.
2,500 words is 5 pages single spaced, 10 pages double spaced.
3,000 words is 6 pages single spaced, 12 pages double spaced.
4,000 words is 8 pages single spaced, 16 pages double spaced.
5,000 words is 10 pages single spaced, 20 pages double spaced.
7,500 words is 15 pages single spaced, 30 pages double spaced.
10,000 words is 20 pages single spaced, 40 pages double spaced.
20,000 words is 40 pages single spaced, 80 pages double spaced.
25,000 words is 50 pages single spaced, 100 pages double spaced.
30,000 words is 60 pages single spaced, 120 pages double spaced.
40,000 words is 80 pages single spaced, 160 pages double spaced.
50,000 words is 100 pages single spaced, 200 pages double spaced.
60,000 words is 120 pages single spaced, 240 pages double spaced.
70,000 words is 140 pages single spaced, 280 pages double spaced.
75,000 words is 150 pages single spaced, 300 pages double spaced.
80,000 words is 160 pages single spaced, 320 pages double spaced.
90,000 words is 180 pages single spaced, 360 pages double spaced.
100,000 words is 200 pages single spaced, 400 pages double spaced.

Below are basic pages to words conversions:

1 page is 500 words single spaced, 250 words double spaced.
2 pages is 1,000 words single spaced, 500 words double spaced.
3 pages is 1,500 words single spaced, 750 words double spaced.
4 pages is 2,000 words single spaced, 1,000 words double spaced.
5 pages is 2,500 words single spaced, 1,250 words double spaced.
6 pages is 3,000 words single spaced, 1,500 words double spaced.
7 pages is 3,500 words single spaced, 1,750 words double spaced.
8 pages is 4,000 words single spaced, 2,000 words double spaced.
9 pages is 4,500 words single spaced, 2,250 words double spaced.
10 pages is 5,000 words single spaced, 2,500 words double spaced.
15 pages is 7,500 words single spaced, 3,750 words double spaced.
20 pages is 10,000 words single spaced, 5,000 words double spaced.
25 pages is 12,500 words single spaced, 6,250 words double spaced.
30 pages is 15,000 words single spaced, 7,500 words double spaced.
40 pages is 20,000 words single spaced, 10,000 words double spaced.
50 pages is 25,000 words single spaced, 12,500 words double spaced.
60 pages is 30,000 words single spaced, 15,000 words double spaced.
70 pages is 35,000 words single spaced, 17,500 words double spaced.
75 pages is 37,500 words single spaced, 18,750 words double spaced.
80 pages is 40,000 words single spaced, 20,000 words double spaced.
90 pages is 45,000 words single spaced, 22,500 words double spaced.
100 pages is 50,000 words single spaced, 25,000 words double spaced.

(Photo courtesy of Horia Varlan)

Getting the Most from a Writers’ Retreat

A writer’s retreat can be a rewarding experience. It gives you a chance to get away from your everyday distractions and really get some work done. It can also give you a chance to experience a new location and meet new people. (Note the difference between a retreat and a conference: A conference will have lots of seminars, breakout sessions, critique groups, and meet and greets with publishing professionals. A retreat is pretty much you and your work, alone, for a period of time. There may be some scheduled activities, but far fewer than at a conference.) There are plenty of commercially organized retreats, or you can create your own by picking a secluded location and heading off for a few days.

A retreat can be a great way to immerse yourself in your craft and it can even be a way to learn if writing is for you. (I know one person who went on a retreat and decided that he really didn’t like to write, after all. It was worth it, I guess. At least he now knows what he doesn’t want to do with his life.) The chance to spend a week or weekend just writing is very appealing, but it can be pricey. You want to get the most bang for your buck. You don’t want to waste your time or fail to gain any benefit from your retreat. Before you book your reservations, here are some things you can do to prepare so you get the most out of the retreat.

Be (somewhat) social

If there are publishing or writing professionals present at the retreat, take some time to meet with them. They can provide you insight into the positives of your work, or become helpful contacts when you’re ready to publish. Writing is the primary reason you’re here, but don’t forget to take advantage of networking and feedback opportunities, if offered.

Bring what you need

You don’t want to waste precious retreat time with trips to Office Max, looking for your notes, or trying to track down that article that you really need. Double check your packing and make sure you have everything you need to begin writing as soon as you’re settled in. Also make sure your laptop is in working order and that you have all accessories like chargers, portable printers, flash drives, etc. Bring plenty of notebooks, pens, pencils, highlighters, page flags, index cards, or any other supplies that you use in your writing.

Be open to the experience

Having uninterrupted time to write can be startling and even upsetting. Some people just don’t know what to do with that kind of quiet time and they try to fill it with everything except writing. Resist the urge to check your Facebook page, answer email, or call your family to fill the void. Open your mind and embrace the experience. Get used to the solitude and make the most of it.

Respect the experience of others

Everyone is at the retreat to work. While it’s fine to socialize at mealtimes or during other group activities, don’t be the chatterbox who’s knocking on doors late at night looking for company or who’s coaxing your new friends out to visit the city when they’re trying to work.

Demand that others respect your experience

Be very clear in saying, “No,” if you’d rather work than go out to dinner with others. Get good at telling people (politely, if possible) to buzz off while you’re working. Some people will try to bug you to death, but you’re at the retreat to work. Most will get the hint quickly, but there may be a few that won’t get it until you’re downright rude.

Go alone

Many people are most productive when they go to a retreat alone, without anyone they know. They might make a couple of new friends while there, but they aren’t tempted by the easy distractions that an established friendship offers.

Or take a friend

On the other hand, some people are more comfortable having someone they know along on the retreat. If you do take a friend, make sure it’s a writer friend (non-writers will be bored and may unintentionally cause problems for others) and make sure it’s someone you feel comfortable saying, “Get lost,” to when you need to work.

Make a plan and a schedule

While there may be some scheduled activities, much of your time will be your own. It can help to have goals and schedules to give your days some form. Promise you’ll write 1,000 words before going to lunch, or divide your days into blocks of time for writing, eating, exercise, meditation, etc. Having some structure can help you overcome the problems that come with having too much freedom. You’ll also want to plan what you’re going to work on ahead of time. Don’t waste time deciding whether to work on your novel or your non-fiction book.

Plan for food

Some retreats offer prepared meals while others give you accommodations with a small kitchen. If you’ll have to do your own cooking, go ahead and plan your shopping so that you can get what you need and not keep making trips to the market. Think of easy meals you can prepare quickly.

Take breaks

While you’re at the retreat to work, you don’t want to fry your brain. You’re useless if you get too tired. Rest, recharge, and then go back to work. Use some free time to sleep, explore your destination, meditate, or exercise.

Choose the right retreat for you

Retreats vary in length and offerings. Some are in big cities and offer lots of things to do when you’re not working. Others are in almost monastic conditions and writing is the only thing to do. Some offer activities and feedback opportunities, others offer nothing. Try to gauge what sort of retreat will make you happy and productive and find one that matches your ideal. If it’s your first retreat, you might want a weekend retreat so you can try it out without committing to a week. If you can’t find your ideal retreat, create your own.

A retreat can be pricey and probably isn’t something you can do often, so you don’t want to waste your money or time. You want to choose a retreat that will enable you to get work done but not make you uncomfortable. Whatever you choose, follow the tips above to make the most of the experience.

(Photo courtesy of Andres Rodriguez)